The use of markerassisted selection in animal breeding and biotechnology j. The process of developing new crop varieties can take almost 25 years. In this way, the selection of target traits can be achieved indirectly using molecular markers that are closely linked to underlying genes or that have been developed from the actual gene sequences. Markerassisted selection strategy to pyramid two or more. From publications to practice yunbi xu and jonathan h. Mas will need to address concerns about the population size needed to introgress together more than two genesqtls. Educators lesson module ii marker assisted selection make observations about the genes they possess. Marker assisted selection mas for participatory plant.
Lecture 18 2 introduction quantitative genetics selection based on phenotype and relatives information. Marker assisted selection where, when, and how lecture 18. Traditional strategies for the use of molecular data for genetic improvement involve a twostep approach, leading to marker assisted selection mas 97. Genetic mapping of major genes and quantitative traits loci qtls for many important agricultural traits is increasing the integration of biotechnology with the conventional breeding process. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Pdf collard bc, mackill dj markerassisted selection. The main advantage is that many plants with unwanted gene combinations, especially those that lack essential disease resistance traits and plant height, can be simply discarded. Crouch abstract the volume of publications on the development and to a lesser extent the application of molecular markers in plant breeding has increased dramatically during the last decade.
Genotype selection candidates incorporate marker information into selection program. Most of the commercial cultivars of tomato have been developed through phenotypic selection and traditional breeding. Markerassisted selection as a strategy for increasing the. However, it remains a daunting task to identify highly polymorphic and closely linked molecular markers for a target trait for molecular markerassisted selection. The use of marker assisted selection in animal breeding and biotechnology j. Genomewide selection or genomic selection gs has been proposed as a new promising form of mas mccouch et al.
Plant breeding with marker assisted selection in brazil crop breeding and applied biotechnology 14. The central technology involved is molecular markerassisted selection mas, using sequences andor banding patterns of dna that have been shown through linkage mapping to be located in or near. Plant breeding with markerassisted selection in brazil locus ufv. A fast track to increase genetic gain in plant and animal breeding. Pdf marker assisted selection in crop plants researchgate.
Developing markerassisted selection strategies for. It is unlikely that many of the polymorphisms identified by the new laboratory techniques will be the qtl themselves. Exploitation of the information derived from the map position of traits with agronomical importance and of the linked molecular markers, can be achieved through marker assisted selection mas of the. Developing markerassisted selection strategies for breeding. Application of nextgeneration sequencing for rapid marker. Marker assisted selection is more efficient relative to traditional backcrossing for markers close to the target. Department of plant breeding, cornell university ithaca, new york 148531901 i.
Markerassisted selection for quantitative traits scielo. Several types of molecular markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphism snp, have been identified and effectively used in plant breeding. This open educational resource provides a brief introduction to plant breeding techniques such as pyramiding and introduced the concept of marker assisted selection mas. With the development of molecular tools and the first molecular genetic maps for plants, markerassisted selection has become possible, whether these traits are controlled by identified genes or. Tartarini dipartimento colture arboree, bologna university, italy summary the development of markersassisted selection strategi es is one of the main priority in pome fruit. Pdf challenges for effective markerassisted selection in plants. Now, however, biotechnology has considerably shortened the time to 710 years for new crop varieties to be brought to the market.
Today, researchers can use molecular markers to find genes of interest that control how plants and animals perform. Genotypingbysequencing gbs, an ultimate markerassisted. Markerassisted selection mas refers to the use of molecular markers to assist phenotypic selections in crop improvement. Marker assisted selection mas refers to indirect selection for a desired plant phenotype based on the banding pattern of linked molecular dna markers.
Molecular marker assisted selection for nematode resistance in crop plants jainullabudeen gulsar banu, kandasamy sankari meena, chellamuthu selvi and sadasivam manickam abstract plant parasitic nematodes are recognized as major agricultural pathogens and cause crop losses throughout the world. Markerassisted selection in plant breeding sciencedirect. It is unlikely that many of the polymorphisms identified by the new laboratory techniques will be the. Marker assisted selection plants are selected for one or more up to 810 alleles mabc.
For plant breeders, the most useful application of mas is to use dnabased markers for basi cally three purposes. Pdf molecular markers and markerassisted breeding in plants. The concept of markerassisted selection mas was suggested 25 years ago by c. In the last 30 years, a number of dna fingerprinting methods such as rflp, rapd, aflp, ssr, dart, have been extensively used in marker development for molecular plant breeding. Molecular markers and selection for complex traits in plants. Marker assisted selection and crop improvement marker assisted selection or marker aided selection mas is a process whereby a marker morphological, biochemical or one based on dnarna variation is used for indirect selection of a genetic determinant or determinants of a trait of interest i. Developing markerassisted selection strategies for breeding hybrid rice yunbi xu ricetec, inc. The fundamental basis of plant breeding is the selection of specific plants with desirable traits. Plant breeding with markerassisted selection in brazil crop breeding and applied biotechnology 14.
Markerassisted backcrossing one or more up to 68 donor alleles are transferred to an elite line mars. Marker assisted recombination an issue must use ibd methods single marker fernando and grossman 1989. Marker assisted selection was then proposed as a means of exploiting markers linked to qtl to develop improved cultivars. Comparative analysis of phenotypic and markerassisted selection in cucumber by matthew d. Markerassisted selection an overview sciencedirect topics. Molecular markerassisted selection for nematode resistance in crop plants jainullabudeen gulsar banu, kandasamy sankari meena, chellamuthu selvi and sadasivam manickam abstract plant parasitic nematodes are recognized as major agricultural pathogens and cause crop losses throughout the world. The nextgeneration sequencing ngs technology is far. The large number of quantitative trait loci qtls mapping studies for diverse crops species have provided an abundance of dna marker trait associations.
In view of the potential advantages of mas in plant breeding, it is not surprising that the number of. With the development of molecular tools and the first molecular genetic maps for plants, marker assisted selection has become possible, whether these traits are controlled by identified genes or quantitative trait loci qtls. But while thousands of marker trait associations have been reported for many traits in different plant species, far fewer examples of successfully exploiting mapped qtl have been reported in the literature. In closing, the last two chapters provide information on relevant bioinformatics tools and the rapidly evolving field of phenomics.
Developing marker assisted selection strategies for breeding hybrid rice yunbi xu ricetec, inc. Selection typically involves evaluating a breeding population for one or more traits in field or glasshouse trials e. Marker assisted selection mas is a procedure that has been developed to avoid these problems associated with phenotypic selection, replacing the selection of the phenotype by selection of genes, both directly and indirectly francia et al. Markerassisted selection as a component of conventional. Plant breeding with markerassisted selection in brazil. Marker assisted selection as a component of conventional plant breeding. Mas procedure and theoretical and practical considerations. Robbins a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of. Molecular markers are not influenced by the environment and are detected at any. Markerassisted selection was then proposed as a means of exploiting markers linked to qtl to develop improved cultivars. In mas, the first step is to use phenotypes and genotypes to identify genetic markers associated with the trait, employing the approaches described earlier. Williams division of genetics and genomics, roslin institute edinburgh, roslin, midlothian, scotland, eh25 9ps, united kingdom summary improvement of livestock has focused on the selective breeding of individuals with superior phenotypes. Marker assisted selection in crop plants springerlink. The use of markerassisted selection in animal breeding and.
Lecture 18 2 introduction quantitative genetics selection based on phenotype and relatives. Molecular markers and selection for complex traits in. Growing cowpea plants in a screenhouse to select for desirable traits. Markerassisted recurrent selection selection for several up to 2030 mapped qtls relies on index genetic values computed for each. Four chapters are devoted to various applications of markers, e. Plant breeding using marker assisted selection youtube. Markerassisted selection mas is a procedure that has been developed to avoid these problems associated with phenotypic selection, replacing the selection of the phenotype by selection of genes, both directly and indirectly francia et al.
More specifi cally, plant breeding will benefi t from the use of genomics tools through i more eff ectively. Efforts to bring marker assisted breeding mab into wide adoption for horticultural crop improvement will benefit from targeted utilization of synteny among related crops and information from model plants to develop markers for use in standard breeding methods, e. Selectingin theearly generationsof a pedigree breed. Mas can be situation for mas since, by following inheritance of incorporated into any one of these strategies e. Introduction marker assisted selection mas refers to the use of dna markers that are tightlylinked to target loci as a substitute for or to assist phenotypic screening or the use of genetic markers with the phenotypes in a process called marker assisted selection. Marker assisted selection in comparison to conventional. Oct 15, 2014 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Through these techniques, plant breeders have been able to produce cultivars of agriculturally significant plants with genes for resistance to many diseases that were not possible before the advent of dna. Mas in plants 25 mas in pome fruit breeding most of the available apple and pear markers can be used in marker assisted selection but mas efficiency can widely varying depending on the estimated genetic distance between the marker and the linked gene. There are more varieties of tomato sold worldwide than any other vegetable crop. Joe cummins gives the current state of play in how molecular genetic analysis can aid in selective breeding without genetic modification excerpt from water carnival the images of organisms discovered in maewan hos laboratory within a quantum jazz soundscape. The very strong selection for genomic regions from the adapted parents of the wide upland x lowland cross indicates that, in non markerassisted breeding, where genetically distant parents have been used, modified backcross breeding should be efficient.
The calculations shown where i 5i92ms i, fiis the area under a standard normalin this paper use eq. Overview of dna markers, qtl mapping, and markerassisted selection. These results will be helpful for markerassisted selection and pyramiding twodifferent anthracnoseresistant genes in commercial pepper breeding lee et al 2010. The use of markerassisted selection in animal breeding. Markerassisted breeding will move forward from introgressing singlemultiple genes governing a single trait to multiple genes governing multiple traits to combat emerging biotic and abiotic stresses related to climate change and to enhance rice productivity. An introduction to markers, quantitative trait loci qtl. Mas is based on the concept that it is possible to infer the presence of a gene from the presence of a marker which is tightly linked to the gene of interest. However, it remains a daunting task to identify highly polymorphic and closely linked molecular markers for a target trait for molecular marker assisted selection. Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection mas is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker morphological, biochemical or dnarna variation linked to a trait of interest e. May 08, 2017 introduction marker assisted selection mas refers to the use of dna markers that are tightlylinked to target loci as a substitute for or to assist phenotypic screening or the use of genetic markers with the phenotypes in a process called marker assisted selection. Dna markers have enormous potential to improve the efficiency and precision of conventional plant breeding via markerassisted selection mas.
One of the tools which can make it easier and faster for scientists to select plant traits is marker assisted selection mas. Pdf the basic principle of markerassisted selection mas is to exploit linkage disequilibrium ld between markers and qtls. Overview of dna markers, qtl mapping, and markerassisted selection a features of cereal breeding the fundamental basis of plant breeding is the selection of speci. Marker assisted selection in crop plants article pdf available in plant cell tissue and organ culture 823. Jul 17, 2012 in the last 30 years, a number of dna fingerprinting methods such as rflp, rapd, aflp, ssr, dart, have been extensively used in marker development for molecular plant breeding. Hocking chapter 12 markerassisted selection in dairy cattle 199 joel ira weller chapter markerassisted selection in sheep and goats 229 julius h. But while thousands of markertrait associations have been reported for many traits in different plant species, far fewer examples of successfully exploiting mapped qtl have been reported in the literature. Of course, the use of two markers flanking the gene of interest is more. Nov 09, 2017 this open educational resource provides a brief introduction to plant breeding techniques such as pyramiding and introduced the concept of marker assisted selection mas. Sep 30, 2014 marker assisted selection mas refers to the use of molecular markers to assist phenotypic selections in crop improvement. Background the concept of markerassisted selection. This is the most favourable a strategy especially important in plants.
Marker assisted backcrossing one or more up to 68 donor alleles are transferred to an elite line mars. Traditional strategies for the use of molecular data for genetic improvement involve a twostep approach, leading to markerassisted selection mas 97. However, with the advent of molecular markers and marker assisted selection mas technology, tomato genetics and breeding research has entered into a new and exciting era. Markerassisted selection mas has turned into a tool which is to. Genotype markers for population of animals look at association with traits of interest e. Applications and potentials of marker assisted selection mas in. Some molecular markers are pieces of dna that have no known function or impact on animal and plant performance. Marker assisted recurrent selection selection for several up to 2030 mapped qtls relies on index genetic values computed for each. Molecular markers and markerassisted breeding in plants.
274 1042 479 1156 1044 1025 760 536 363 54 840 119 26 1170 96 140 234 1260 1276 1108 744 1339 64 1366 394 207 507 978 1371 123 62 1013 1049 700 708 1019 675 185 233 761 166 334